Organisations, Divisions, and Titles
To answer for the ones you specifically asked about-
Lightbringer has always been a term used by the Order of Whispers for those who lead the way in the fight against darkness. At the time of GW1 it was defined as “someone who serves as a beacon to others, illuminating the way of righteousness in these dark times.” In GW2 it serves a more codified role as the highest rank of operative in the Order, but the connotations of the original meaning most likely remain.
I don’t know rather there are any enforcers in the Peacemakers- it sounds like a task that organization would leave to golems- but there is no such rank in the Vigil. Nor are there Justiciars- that title was one of substantial standing in the White Mantle, and such a negative association serves to insure it is not resurrected for modern use. The rank-and-file of the Vigil are Crusaders, and the officers are Warmasters, like the old Ascalonian military officers, and equivalent to the Priory Magisters.
Do the asura have specific bounty-hunter type troops? Probably not. I doubt any of Tyria’s governments have that sort of capacity- too many places to go to ground, too many more substantial difficulties tying up their troops. Even the orders of Tyria, who have a greater reach than any government, turn to independent guilds to bring in bounties.
A general note about the Peacemakers- the asura in that organization are mostly marginalized to deskwork and oversight. There is an ambient dialogue in the Arcane Council chambers that states they have ten golems to every asura, and that that discrepancy is only growing. Only in the rare aberrant case where a golem is insufficient for the brute work required would a Peacemaker dirty his own hands.
EDIT: The exception to this appears to be those members of the Peacemakers directly involved in combating the Inquest, possibly because the Inquest has a variety of means to renders their golems a liability, possibly because to go after a group with such sway with the Arcane Council deprives them of official support, likely a mixture of the two.
(edited by Aaron Ansari.1604)
Thanks for the info! It has helped.