RIP City of Heroes
RIP City of Heroes
from the daily as our alternative source of laurels. We don’t need to do them anymore, just by login everyday over 28 days we get 35 laurels an a choice for an addition 20. No more condition removal, no more event mentoring, no more activity, no more aquatic kills. Sure some of these may pop up on the daily but if you were primarily doing the daily for laurels, you are now free to go do something else.
RIP City of Heroes
Even if someone can document the quote, which might be in the infamous manifesto, it can be broadly interpreted. The devs may mean multiple paths to level or to rewards. We can level to max without leaving the starting map. We can level in WvW, PvP and PvE. Since so much boils down to gold and the TP, rewards aren’t tied to specific events or play types.
Players on the other hand are going more specific types of play. Farming, Speedruns, trains and chafe when encouraged to move along onto other activities.
RIP City of Heroes
First everyone needs to understand that for us in the US, the daily for Tuesday started at 7p EST/4p PST Monday. Therefore it’s likely that anyone who logged in Monday night already got their Tuesday Daily (old style daily) before the patch dropped. If we logged in after the patch we could have also gotten the new daily for Tuesday as well. For us, our first login reward is after the reset starting Wednesday’s Daily.
Now for those that didn’t login after Tuesday’s daily started but after the patch got the first of the new login rewards when they first logged in. So they get two login rewards after tonight’s reset but could have only gotten one Tuesday daily.
So we had the opportunity for two dailies on Tuesday if we had logged in before the patch but after Monday’s reset, where those you logged in after the patch had the opportunity for one daily so they got their first login reward before tonight’s reset.
It sort of makes sense.
RIP City of Heroes
First, don’t follow the arrow. The arrow is for players who want to be led. For others, simply go and explore. Check the local critters to see if they are level appropriate but wander, kill things, talk to scouts, clear out a revealed area on your map and then wander into a blurred area and repeat. There’s a pretty big world out there for you to explore. Sure some areas are tough.
Do hearts, don’t do hearts. Come across an event, do it or not, your choice. See that flag on top of that cliff or damage old wall, try to figure out how to get to it. There are “quest givers” (hearts) but you don’t need them. Of course finishing them turns them into an NPC vendor who will buy your junk and might have something unique to buy, level appropriate to that area of the map. And unless you are slumming, it may even be useful.
It’s not a sandbox but it isn’t on rails either. The arrow was added for those who want guidance or if you are trying to find everything on the map. It’s a suggestion, not a requirement. Heck you can choose to never leave the starting map and level right up to 80. But that’s like visiting a major city and never traveling more than a block from your hotel.
RIP City of Heroes
Yes, December is the last month of monthlies. From now on until they revamp it again, we have a repeating 28 login cycle of rewards. The 29th login resets the cycle and you will get 2 mystic coins as a reward again.
Full details here.
http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Login_rewards
Day 28th options, plus 2% to gold find
http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Chest_of_Ascended_Crafting_Materials
http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Chest_of_Legendary_Crafting_Materials
http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Chest_of_Plentiful_Laurels
http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Chest_of_Grand_Experience
Edit: from magic to gold find.
RIP City of Heroes
(edited by Behellagh.1468)
It’s really not all that different.
365 days and 12 months is 485 laurels with the old system.
Ignoring the end of the month chest there are 13 cycles of 28 days plus change at 35 each is kitten laurels. So 30 laurels off before taking into account end of cycle chest which can yield 20 per. So you could have 230 more laurels per year.
RIP City of Heroes
(edited by Behellagh.1468)
Not for the month but you don’t lose your place in the 28 day rotation. If you were on vacation for two weeks you wouldn’t have gotten the daily laurels for those days either.
RIP City of Heroes
Dailies are completely optional now.
Before this you could argue that not getting laurels shuts you out of BIS jewelry; now all you don’t get is 10 AP and some really small things. And since daily AP is gonna be capped someday anyways, you’re literally losing out on nothing. You’re also getting a portion of the old rewards for doing nothing but logging in.
I don’t even plan on doing 3/3 dailies anymore if it looks out of the way unless it offers something of use. I may do 1 or 2 dailies to grab some mats or coins.
This will greatly reduce the grind for me because I don’t have to worry about dailies at all anymore.
Wow. That didn’t occur to me. I was looking over tonight’s dailies and I’m like “Fractals AREN’T PvE” and that I have to mess up my LS to get to the next zone NOW to do it’s daily (kittenumption that everyone finished the first arc of LS 2) but thanks to you, I realize I don’t have to do those anymore.
I’m Free!! I’m free of the compulsive need to do dailies for laurels. Don’t give a skritt’s butt about AP.
RIP City of Heroes
How much do you get on each day. If you only get 1 or 2 on the selected days and then get like 15-20 for selecting the 28 day reward then the entire system is horse kitten. As over all the rewards of all of them have been decreased. Sure if you select the 28 day laurel reward you will maybe get more laurels than before but then all the other daily rewards end up being less than before. Its a huge nerf and like always white knights gonna come in and tell you that the heaping pile of crap taste like candy.
Day 2 – 1 laurel
Day 7 – 10 laurels
Day 9 – 2 laurels
Day 16 – 3 laurels
Day 21 – 15 laurels
Day 23 – 4 laurelsThat’s 35 laurels in total, not including the laurels you can choose to get on the last day.
Edit: Does anyone know how many laurels you get if you choose the option on the last day?
According to the wiki, via two links from the login reward page, 20 laurels.
RIP City of Heroes
6 of the 28 login awards give a total of 35 laurels and the last gives you a choice of rewards including a choice of 20 laurels.
RIP City of Heroes
(edited by Behellagh.1468)
The i7-930 isn’t a spring chicken anymore. Relatively speaking it’s a tad slow and as this game is considerably more CPU dependent than GPU, an uber GPU like the GTX 980 doesn’t speed it up as much as games that are very GPU dependent.
RIP City of Heroes
It’s not consecutive.
Missed a day because of work, vacation, or a work vacation? No worries, your progress is still there! The next time you log in, you’ll pick up where you left off. The system will only reset once you’ve claimed the 28th and final reward.
RIP City of Heroes
Well their was a lot of screaming in Queensdale looking for events. And since most take about 10 minutes each, that’s 40 minutes of play time in a zone I normally don’t go to anymore.
Which ones take that long? What I would do is do enough to get credit and then move on to the next. This is because the events scale up a lot and especially with the collection ones. For example, the skale egg collection event is where I’d get all of the eggs, turn them in, and leave since there’s nothing else I can do. I’d do the same with the grub event as me being there just scales it up further.
I did two escort missions, stopping poisoning the pump station and the stopping the skritt and the logging camp. Last two are on timers. And since there isn’t any indication that you’ve done enough to get the event completion, unless you have a lot of experience at that event, it seems most players just waited until the timer ran out or the escort was complete.
RIP City of Heroes
Well their was a lot of screaming in Queensdale looking for events. And since most take about 10 minutes each, that’s 40 minutes of play time in a zone I normally don’t go to anymore.
RIP City of Heroes
Always love it when players lump the trait change into NPE, since they were many months apart.
Problem is players sort of asked for it, sort of, but ANet ran with it out of the stadium along with Forest.
RIP City of Heroes
2090 hours, no precursor.
RIP City of Heroes
I really wonder how much better performance you will over you current setup…
Upgrading your CPU for GW2 is useless… large WvW or Worl bosses your FPS will sucks with any CPU.
Arena.net should push for better performance with low lvl API….
this is not hard to do it… they have 2 options. Wait for DX12 or try it on Mantle.The problems?
- GW2 is based on DX9…. i dont know if it can be ported to mantle. If it was DX11 then it would much better.
- Of course big investment into this project but… they dont care for our experience.So if you want to play GW2 you need to spend 200$ on CPU + 120$ on MB and 100$ on GPU.. and yet it is not playable in WvW
So i recommend you to think about it… for GW2 …. not worth
here is some difference between FX 6300 and pentium g3258… actually there is no difference
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4a-c1idbPhk
Look whose back, our resident AMD CPU supporter. Nothing has changed on the “optimization” front so fewer much faster cores will beat AMD’s many slower cores in this game still.
RIP City of Heroes
here are some precursors that cost about/less than 100g for those that want a legend that doesnt have a high cost pre:
https://www.gw2tp.com/item/29179-rage
https://www.gw2tp.com/item/29183-venom
https://www.gw2tp.com/item/29171-carcharias
https://www.gw2tp.com/item/29182-rodgorts-flamejust FYI
ya I’m not sure people’ll spend money on legendary they never or almost never use.
my take on all this situation is you dont’ need to wear legendary to enjoy the game. Or even ascended gear for most case.
and let’s be honest, it cost “a lot” of gold to have everything. If you set your priorities on what you need more, just get that first.
But those prices lend credence to prices being a supply/demand rather than classic inflation.
RIP City of Heroes
It looks like this thread has been largely focused on endgame stuff, but I was stunned the other night when I went to upgrade to level 35 greens and saw the price.
http://www.gw2spidy.com/item/10939
I don’t remember leveling greens running anything near that expensive when I leveled my first batch of characters.
Think about what they salvage into.
But that’s still way overprice on the low sale price side. Cotton scrapes are 5s a piece and a coat gives you 3-4 on average so 15-20s. Promoting to Linen isn’t profitable currently.
RIP City of Heroes
Let’s look at 100 MF pulls when the chance is 1% (made up number) for a precursor
Chance of:
0: 36.6%
1: 37.0%
2: 18.5%
3: 6.1%
4: 1.5%
5: 0.3%
6 or greater is 1 in 1870
So while the average is one, in a group of 1000 players, 3 got five while 366 got nada. That’s variance.
So now lets assume you are tossing in rares so the chance is now 0.2% (20% of 1%)
Chance of:
0: 81.9%
1: 16.4%
2: 1.6%
3: 0.1%
4 or more a 1 in over 18,500
Now lets look at prices. A “cheap” exotic greatsword is about 4g each so 16g per pull. Like I said at the top the 1% chance I pulled out of thin air so it’ll cost you 1600g but you’ll get, assuming you get “crap” exotics, 400g worth of exotic greatswords so your total cost is 1200g for the attempt.
A “cheap” rare greatsword is about 60s each or 2g40s per pull. 100 pulls would cost you 240g but you get 128g back (rares 80@60s and exotics 20@4g) so only 112g for the attempt.
This is spitballing the analysis. A SWAG at best. It assumes that if you do get an exotic from tossing in rares that there is the same change that exotic could be a precursor. It also doesn’t take into account of additional attempts with the “failures” whether rare or exotic.
RIP City of Heroes
(edited by Behellagh.1468)
Teens playing and reacting to the old NES Mega Man game. Potential ‘New Players’? I wonder how they’d react to GW2?
That was hilarious. And yes, that’s one of the reasons for NPE. How many of them would have given up playing Mega Man if they weren’t being filmed? “Oh you mean I could shoot? I was only using the A button.” “Oh if his shield up I can’t hurt him.”
The controller is a D pad and two buttons and you don’t even try the B button until you burned threw all you lives multiple times?
RIP City of Heroes
In-game rewards such as dungeons or looted coin and real world money converted from gems into gold. In other words gold that doesn’t come from a player and is created out of thin digital air. A concept that escapes alot of people is that base line in-game rewards will always be “lackluster”. They are the base-line of how fast gold is created making it the base-line of the rate inflation. The barrier to entry to farm/speed clear is low, almost anyone can pick it up and do it. Its the minimum wage job of gw2. Kicking the value of these rewards up will only inflate the currency until you are right back to where the reward was in the first place, lackluster.
Actually gold from gems originally came from players buying gems with gold, gold the at one point was dropped in game. That’s the point of the exchange and it’s asymmetrical rates.
RIP City of Heroes
Chest looks to be Priory Heavy.
http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Priory%27s_Historical_Breastplate
RIP City of Heroes
High-res Character Textures not available!?
in Account & Technical Support
Posted by: Behellagh.1468
You have an i7-4510U laptop CPU which is similar to the i3 desktop CPU being 2 cores that can run 4 threads.
RIP City of Heroes
OP’s talking about shaming players who can’t play to his requirements, not use of harsh language.
RIP City of Heroes
The wiki is your friend … and the game’s official help system.
http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Storage_Expander
http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Account_vault#Material_Storage
Problem was before the Sept Feature Patch, the tab in your vault was called Collections and the Gem Store Item was called a Collection Expander. Since they moved minis out of the Collection tab and into the Hero Panel, they changed the tab name to Material Storage and the item to Storage Expander, thinking the connection is obvious. The problem in either case was that few players realize the name of that tab and the assumption was that it would increase the size of every slot the player had and later every slot in the player vault.
If we had a decent search … wait let me do a little Google magic … there, you can see the same confusion from when it was first introduced.
https://forum-en.gw2archive.eu/forum/game/gw2/Collection-Expander
https://forum-en.gw2archive.eu/forum/archive/bltc/Collection-Expander
https://forum-en.gw2archive.eu/forum/game/gw2/Collectibles-Expander
https://forum-en.gw2archive.eu/forum/archive/bltc/Thoughts-On-Increased-Collectible-Stack-Size
RIP City of Heroes
Yes “all stored materials” which means the collection tab. Why would they sell 30 slot bank tabs for 600 each if for 800 you could in essence add increase all the bank tabs you have by an equal number up to 5x?
RIP City of Heroes
I think it’s worth it. Pretty much one stop shopping, crafting, MF, Guild stuff, and a gate to all the other race cities plus LA within 10 seconds of each other.
RIP City of Heroes
Interesting strategy, can’t close a mount thread if it also talks about something else.
Attachments:
RIP City of Heroes
There was an item I used to offer and buy for 1s 99c, but now I can’t offer anything below 2s33c – tried both typing and scrolling down but it just stays at 2s33c
That sounds like the fix to minimum price to guarantee that what you get selling it on the TP is not less than what you get from selling to a NPC vendor.
Assume the vendor price is 1s98c (one less than what the minimum use to be), once you deduct the 15% by selling on the TP, you only picked up 1s69c, some 29c less than if you simply sold it to any vendor. At 2s33c, when you deduct the 15% from the TP, you end up with 1s98c.
So before, you lost coin selling at the +1c over vendor on the TP Vs a vendor and now you break even.
RIP City of Heroes
All I have is circumstantial. If I’m soloing doing Maw and it takes more the 3 1/2 minutes to defeat him, I am more likely to get an orange champ box; if he’s defeated in 2 minutes I get either a blue or white champ box. But if I’m in a full party with heavy hitters and he’s defeated in 2 minutes, I get an orange box frequently.
So I read this as if the Shaman is taking a lot of damage quickly, my little old thief can’t do enough damage in 2 minutes to qualify for an orange box on her own. If it takes an extra minute or two, I can do enough damage to qualify.
But if I’m on a team with a few high DPS players, the average per player on the team is high enough to frequently qualify for an orange box even if the Shaman is defeated quickly.
So to me it looks as if there’s a total damage threshold to meet to get better tier chests and if I’m partying with players who can do a lot of damage quickly, my party’s average damage is often high enough so we all get orange chests. It’s as good as a working theory as any.
And if you are playing a high DPS character, you probably wouldn’t see a difference as you can do enough damage all the time on your own to qualify for the top tier reward.
RIP City of Heroes
I never bothered to check the higher tier material rate myself so I take their word for it but the chance for upgrade recovery does check out when I looked into that.
I think it gets displayed if you set the price filter negative. The filter setting it just above the Wood Weapons table and is listed as “Don’t show all items below:”. You can toggle it by units of 10c with the (+10c / -10c) links next to the filter price.
I use gw2tp.com to check on the current prices of items on the TP. For instance for Ectos
https://www.gw2tp.com/item/19721-glob-of-ectoplasm
I then copied down the current high bid and low sell price and simply did plugged in the numbers. Just to be clear that website with the luck and salvage info, as well as a log more, I linked you to isn’t mine. Someone who has auto web page generation from remote database skills. What I did wasn’t skill by comparison.
So right now I’m looking at the luck data from that page. I multiplied his per luck values by 104 and comparing it to the math displayed showed something is off with most.
Ecto: 37s53c-39s94c
Dust: 20s3c-21s95c
Number of Dust per salvaged Ecto: 1.84
- Buy Ecto, sell Dust = (buy ecto and salvage for 38s14c – 34s32c dust sale) = 0c.35 per luck (0s36c according to per luck Vs 3s82c according to the math)
- Have Ecto, sell Ecto vs. sell Dust = (33s94c ecto sale – 33s71c salvage and dust sale) = -0c.47 per luck (-0s49c according to per luck Vs 0s23c according to the math)
- Buy Ecto vs. buy Dust, use Dust = (buy ecto and salvage for 38s14c – buy dust for 36s85c) = 1c.235 per luck (1s28c according to per luck Vs 1s29c according to the math, rounding probably)
- Have Ecto, sell Ecto and buy Dust vs. salvage Ecto, use Dust = (33s94c ecto sale – buy dust for 36s85c + 61c salvage) = -2c.792 per luck (-2s90c according to per luck Vs -2s30c according to the math, forgot to include the salvage cost perhaps and rounding?)
So yes either something isn’t right by the math or there was some other cost not included. The values for buying and sell ectos are right based on the price listing he included.
RIP City of Heroes
I’ve bugged it. It use to only flash a warning that went away once you finished entering the price. It stung my at least once.
RIP City of Heroes
My moderation style.
Attachments:
RIP City of Heroes
Gentlemen and/or ladies. The point is if a processor was willing to pay ANet the majority of $10 USD from a transaction in a currency ANet doesn’t directly accept, it shouldn’t matter if the currency was Yen, Rupees, Bitcoin or the giant stone coins from Yap.
It’s just the processor that ANet uses doesn’t accept Bitcoin and ANet doesn’t see a reason to signup one of the major Bitcoin processors. End of story.
RIP City of Heroes
Page 5. This board moves quickly and thus buries threads quickly.
https://forum-en.gw2archive.eu/forum/game/gw2/List-Of-Things-We-Want-In-Gemstore/
If you had posted there once, your personal history of posts could lead you to a “lost” thread.
Edit: Dang it Trog.
RIP City of Heroes
There is no way to back the value of bitcoins. Only a complete kitten would accept them for anything.
I believe, as other bitcoin threads have pointed out, there are services that will take bitcoins and convert it to whatever currency the company wants. ANet or NCSOFT don’t need to get into the bitcoin business, just sign up with one of these bit coin intermediaries who well take the price, say $10 for 800 gmes, and charge the buyer the correct amount in bit coins and turn around and pay ANet $10 minus transaction fees.
This puts the risk on the bitcoin processor and not ANet.
RIP City of Heroes
There are some who quickly lose the appreciation of the world in an MMO and revert to a very goal/reward play style. You aren’t stopping the Svanir Shaman repeated attempts to corrupt the Grawl to follow Jormag, you are doing the 8:15 stop on the boss train. You aren’t exploring a labyrinth of tunnels in a mountain or catacombs under some ruins, you are speed running Path 1 in your daily, do all the dungeon paths and don’t have all day.
And while they may consider that a legitimate style of play, I for one don’t consider it to be fun.
So welcome Cybrdroyd, play however you see fit. Take as much time as you like. Not everyone are efficiency experts.
RIP City of Heroes
And int the case of Dhuum, I think it was targeted at gold sellers so transitory or stolen accounts.
RIP City of Heroes
Those averages and percentages are based on data collected by someone who spent the time and effort to record each and every salvage to get a better idea of the true rate rather than what was reported by the text on each kit about the chance for a better tier of mats.
As for which column to use, experience? I don’t use it that much and only when estimating the average value of salvage rares back when I bought rares off the TP to salvage for profit. Haven’t done that recently. What mats can you mine in a map of that level?
As for the Ecto/Dust conversions. Remember the TP prices on items are always changing and this chart samples every few minutes. The time since the last price check is at the top of the page. It assumes when buying you are buying at low sale price and when selling you are selling to high bid and lose 15% for TP tax. Salvaging ectos require a Master Salvage kit or higher which is 61.44c per use which I think is rounded to 61c.
So when I started writing this I checked the TP for prices on Ectos and Crystalline Dust
Ecto: 38.66s – 40.72s
Dust: 21.10s – 22.08s
If you own an Ecto you can sell it and get 38.66s – 15% or 32.86s.
If you buy an Ecto it will cost you 40.72s.
If you sell the average dust from a salvaged Ecto, it’s 1.84×21.10sx0.85 or 33.00s.
Buying 1.84 dust would cost you 40.62s.
Master Salvage use is 0.61s.
- Buy Ecto, Salvage and Sell Dust (40.72s – 33.00s + 0.61s) = 8.33s
- Sell Ecto Vs Salvage and Sell Dust (32.86s – 33.00s + 0.61s) = 0.47s
- Buy Ecto and Salvage Vs Buying Dust (40.72s + 0.61s – 40.62s) = 0.71s
- Sell Ecto, Buy Dust Vs Salvage Ecto ((32.86s – 40.62s + 0.61) = -8.37s
Now in all four scenarios you end up with dust. Only if you salvage the ecto will you end up with EoL. The last is negative because if you have the ecto and plan on using dust, salvaging the ecto rather than selling it and buying dust is a huge savings and you get EoL in the bargain. So EoL cost is negative.
RIP City of Heroes
(edited by Behellagh.1468)
For boss events, the type of champ box dropped is dependent on the amount of damage done. With a party that includes a few heavy DPS guys, it means a low DPS player could more easily get the top tier champ box.
RIP City of Heroes
Microsoft is a several billion dollar company in income. ArenaNet is barely breaking 100 million dollars.
More specifically, ANet’s transaction agent, the company that handles all the accepted forms of payment as well as charging tax when appropriate, doesn’t handle BitCoin.
RIP City of Heroes
For estimated salvage value I use this link.
http://legendsrpg.com/gw2.php?luck=yes&purpose=sell&lower_limit=100
You can set a price threshold that will then only show when to salvage.
As for the MF, it’s for a lark. It’s when the current high bid on green gear isn’t very high, it’s not worth bothering to figure out if it’s better than salvaging it outright, such a low amount of coin is immaterial to you and who knows, you may get lucky.
There was a time when I bought minimum price green runes by the hundreds and through them in the forge. After separating the few greens that were of descent value and recycle the remaining greens, sell off the rares and valuable greens, I was able to pull a OK profit of 50%. But it was a lot of clicking and a bit time consuming to sort the failures for valuable greens.
Also the MF is one of the better sources for precursor weapons, but it’s not a cheap endeavor which may be one of the reasons the prices are so high, attempting to recoup the cost.
RIP City of Heroes
Here’s my PC
Q8400
8 gig ram
HD6780
I play on medium. When there are a lot of players on screen. Like a world event. My FPS drops to 10. I want to upgrade my cpu. GW2 depends heavily on your cpu.
Only problem with that is you will need an entire gut swap to really upgrade. While you might be able to find a Q9650, cheap (Amazon has one for $170 which is NOT cheap), that’s only a 15% improvement in CPU performance. And that assumes a motherboard with a BIOS that recognizes it.
Even the now “ancient” i5-2500K is 80% faster while the i5-4690 (either) is over twice as fast (general CPU performance).
Socket 775 was the Windows XP of Intel CPU sockets. Supported a wide range of CPUs for a long time but that was a long time ago, four generations of CPUs.
RIP City of Heroes
IIRC, you don’t/can’t buy armor for PvP. PvP equipment is provided and you simply choose which stats you want.
Ascended armor is something you craft at level 500 for whichever armor weight crafting class. Good for PvE and WvW but takes a long time to collect all the ascended mats required since they are account bound.
Now Temple Exotic armor you can buy with Karma but I think a full set is 252,000 karma, 42,000 karma per piece at the temples at Orr.
http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Equipment_acquisition_by_stats#Karma
Edit: Oh and the Wiki is your friend, and official help for the game.
RIP City of Heroes
If you are going to start counting LS episodes as single day bits of content then I can understand why some find it lacking. I’m still on the first chapter of LS 2 Part 1.
RIP City of Heroes
It’s a month gap not two.
RIP City of Heroes
Even if that’s true there are some of us who don’t ever or rarely venture beyond PvE, which means our choices are now very limited. I don’t think there’s a carrot big enough to get me to try PvP. I simply don’t have the hand/eye skill anymore at my age. And while WvW is kind of fun in a paintball weekend kind of way, it’s not something I would be thinking of doing daily.
RIP City of Heroes
Try here.
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9u7rbRjJmqD_qh-WXX7zSftvxOL5nUhI
Yes it’s like 3 hrs of music but what you are looking for should be there, somewhere.
RIP City of Heroes